The colonial Glorious Revolution (Fourth Turning, 1675–1704) began with civil upheavals and catastrophic Indian wars—soon followed by Parliamentary efforts to reassert direct royal control over the colonies. The ensuing resistance culminated in 1689 with colonial rebellions that were triggered by news of the Glorious Revolution in England on behalf of William of Orange. A further decade of war against Canadian New France ended with Britain’s global triumph, vigorous institutions of colonial self-rule, and a new era of peace with local native tribes.

• Puritans entering elderhood
• Cavaliers entering midlife
• Glorious entering young adulthood
• Enlighteners entering childhood